VANGUARD GROUP INC
Rank #1
9.14%
- Shares
- 379.40M
- Change
- +5.50M
- Change %
- +147.00%
- Filing
- Dec 31, 2025
Increased
Methodology published · Market data, model notes, and corrections process are public · Data policy · Corrections policy
NYSE · COMMUNICATION SERVICES · Holders
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) Institutional Ownership & Insider Trading History
Top VZ institutional shareholders, filing changes, and Form 4 insider activity with filters for buys, sales, option exercises, gifts, and tax withholding.
Section freshness
Price Jun 24, 2:09 PM EDT · Statements Mar 30, 8:00 PM EDT
Source timingDetailsHide
Data freshness
Prices update fastest. Fundamentals, analyst data, and news update on their own schedules, so check these timestamps before comparing signals.
Price time means the latest available trade or regular-market close. Other times show when that section was checked or published.
PriceLive
Last traded •
Source: Market data provider
Fundamentalsevery 1 day
Provider checked •
Source: Market data provider
Analystevery 1 hr
Provider checked •
Source: Market data provider
Newsevery 15 min
Latest item •
Source: Market data provider
Ownership read
VZ insider sentiment: Net selling.
VANGUARD GROUP INC is the largest institutional holder. 2 sales and 0 purchases appear in the recent Form 4 filings. Use the filters below to separate real buying and selling from option exercises, gifts, awards, and tax withholding.
Insider flow
VZ
Purchases—
Sales60.00K
Directional bars ignore awards, gifts, conversions, and tax withholding rows.
Top holder
379.40M
VANGUARD GROUP INC
Insider stance
Net selling
$2.96M sold / — bought
Latest filing
Jun 4, 2026
Most recent holder or insider filing date
Filings shown
240
120 holder / 120 insider
- Holder rows
- 120
- Market data source
- Latest filing
- Jun 4, 2026
- Most recent holder or insider filing date
- Increased / initiated
- 66
- 51 decreased
- Insider rows
- 120
- Market data source
Top 120 institutional holders
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) institutional ownership
Ranked by reported share count, with position changes and latest filing dates where ownership data supplies them.
BLACKROCK
Rank #2
8.87%
- Shares
- 368.03M
- Change
- -1.03M
- Change %
- -28.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
VANGUARD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
Rank #3
6.27%
- Shares
- 260.18M
- Change
- +260.18M
- Change %
- —
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Initiated
STATE STREET CORP
Rank #4
5.18%
- Shares
- 214.85M
- Change
- -8.10M
- Change %
- -3.63%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC
Rank #5
2.72%
- Shares
- 112.94M
- Change
- -3.63M
- Change %
- -3.12%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Rank #6
2.56%
- Shares
- 106.21M
- Change
- +3.58M
- Change %
- +3.48%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
VANGUARD PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT LLC
Rank #7
1.85%
- Shares
- 76.84M
- Change
- +76.84M
- Change %
- —
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Initiated
MORGAN STANLEY
Rank #8
1.79%
- Shares
- 74.07M
- Change
- +9.07M
- Change %
- +13.96%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
BANK OF AMERICA CORP
Rank #9
1.50%
- Shares
- 62.10M
- Change
- +8.29M
- Change %
- +15.41%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
NORGES BANK
Rank #10
1.39%
- Shares
- 57.87M
- Change
- +100
- Change %
- 0.00%
- Filing
- Dec 31, 2025
Unchanged
GQG PARTNERS LLC
Rank #11
1.10%
- Shares
- 45.71M
- Change
- +1.85M
- Change %
- +4.21%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
NORTHERN TRUST CORP
Rank #12
1.07%
- Shares
- 44.33M
- Change
- -43.15K
- Change %
- -10.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORP
Rank #13
0.92%
- Shares
- 38.16M
- Change
- +6.58M
- Change %
- +20.84%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
UBS AM
Rank #14
0.87%
- Shares
- 36.10M
- Change
- +469.57K
- Change %
- +132.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC
Rank #15
0.87%
- Shares
- 36.10M
- Change
- +6.33M
- Change %
- +21.25%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO
Rank #16
0.79%
- Shares
- 32.92M
- Change
- +2.26M
- Change %
- +7.38%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP
Rank #17
0.79%
- Shares
- 32.73M
- Change
- +1.97M
- Change %
- +6.41%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
FMR LLC
Rank #18
0.75%
- Shares
- 31.17M
- Change
- +2.08M
- Change %
- +7.16%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INC
Rank #19
0.71%
- Shares
- 29.33M
- Change
- +865.96K
- Change %
- +3.04%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
LEGAL & GENERAL GROUP PLC
Rank #20
0.68%
- Shares
- 28.11M
- Change
- +110.26K
- Change %
- +39.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC
Rank #21
0.63%
- Shares
- 25.98M
- Change
- +248.70K
- Change %
- +97.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
Rank #22
0.59%
- Shares
- 24.62M
- Change
- -1.35M
- Change %
- -5.19%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
VANGUARD FIDUCIARY TRUST CO
Rank #23
0.56%
- Shares
- 23.40M
- Change
- +23.40M
- Change %
- —
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Initiated
INVESCO LTD.
Rank #24
0.54%
- Shares
- 22.25M
- Change
- -1.22M
- Change %
- -5.22%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
UBS GROUP AG
Rank #25
0.51%
- Shares
- 21.04M
- Change
- -1.25M
- Change %
- -5.61%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
AMUNDI
Rank #26
0.49%
- Shares
- 20.22M
- Change
- -2.62M
- Change %
- -11.46%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
DEUTSCHE BANK AG\
Rank #27
0.47%
- Shares
- 19.58M
- Change
- +1.15M
- Change %
- +6.26%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
ARISTOTLE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Rank #28
0.46%
- Shares
- 18.99M
- Change
- -639.94K
- Change %
- -3.26%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC
Rank #29
0.40%
- Shares
- 16.69M
- Change
- +3.34M
- Change %
- +24.97%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
NUVEEN
Rank #30
0.38%
- Shares
- 15.97M
- Change
- -732.11K
- Change %
- -4.38%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY
Rank #31
0.37%
- Shares
- 15.26M
- Change
- +524.88K
- Change %
- +3.56%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP
Rank #32
0.35%
- Shares
- 14.71M
- Change
- -964.33K
- Change %
- -6.15%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM
Rank #33
0.35%
- Shares
- 14.42M
- Change
- -2.72M
- Change %
- -15.87%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
FEDERATED HERMES
Rank #34
0.33%
- Shares
- 13.60M
- Change
- +2.42M
- Change %
- +21.67%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INC
Rank #35
0.31%
- Shares
- 12.90M
- Change
- +1.55M
- Change %
- +13.69%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
SWISS NATIONAL BANK
Rank #36
0.30%
- Shares
- 12.37M
- Change
- +820.10K
- Change %
- +7.10%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
LSV ASSET MANAGEMENT
Rank #37
0.29%
- Shares
- 12.13M
- Change
- +69.11K
- Change %
- +57.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
CAPITAL RESEARCH GLOBAL INVESTORS
Rank #38
0.28%
- Shares
- 11.66M
- Change
- -248.62K
- Change %
- -2.09%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
SUMITOMO MITSUI TRUST GROUP
Rank #39
0.28%
- Shares
- 11.46M
- Change
- -478.21K
- Change %
- -4.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
HSBC HOLDINGS PLC
Rank #40
0.27%
- Shares
- 11.29M
- Change
- -1.94M
- Change %
- -14.67%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC
Rank #41
0.27%
- Shares
- 11.05M
- Change
- -2.01M
- Change %
- -15.36%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
BANK OF MONTREAL
Rank #42
0.26%
- Shares
- 10.90M
- Change
- +1.52M
- Change %
- +16.26%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
NORDEA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AB
Rank #43
0.26%
- Shares
- 10.65M
- Change
- +3.47M
- Change %
- +48.42%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
NATIONAL PENSION SERVICE
Rank #44
0.26%
- Shares
- 10.59M
- Change
- +259.71K
- Change %
- +2.52%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
LPL FINANCIAL LLC
Rank #45
0.25%
- Shares
- 10.21M
- Change
- +271.11K
- Change %
- +2.73%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
BARCLAYS PLC
Rank #46
0.24%
- Shares
- 10.04M
- Change
- -1.01M
- Change %
- -9.13%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO
Rank #47
0.23%
- Shares
- 9.71M
- Change
- —
- Change %
- 0.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Unchanged
MITSUBISHI UFJ ASSET MANAGEMENT CO.
Rank #48
0.23%
- Shares
- 9.68M
- Change
- +683.90K
- Change %
- +7.60%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
VANGUARD GLOBAL ADVISERS
Rank #49
0.23%
- Shares
- 9.42M
- Change
- +9.42M
- Change %
- —
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Initiated
PACER ADVISORS
Rank #50
0.21%
- Shares
- 8.87M
- Change
- -1.42M
- Change %
- -13.82%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
Rank #51
0.21%
- Shares
- 8.65M
- Change
- -1.08M
- Change %
- -11.08%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
VAN ECK ASSOCIATES CORP
Rank #52
0.21%
- Shares
- 8.60M
- Change
- +2.30M
- Change %
- +36.40%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
VANGUARD ASSET MANAGEMENT
Rank #53
0.20%
- Shares
- 8.50M
- Change
- +8.50M
- Change %
- —
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Initiated
PRICE T ROWE ASSOCIATES INC
Rank #54
0.20%
- Shares
- 8.15M
- Change
- +1.64M
- Change %
- +25.13%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
SCHRODER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP
Rank #55
0.20%
- Shares
- 8.13M
- Change
- +276.10K
- Change %
- +3.52%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETS
Rank #56
0.18%
- Shares
- 7.67M
- Change
- -1.66M
- Change %
- -17.83%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
RHUMBLINE ADVISERS
Rank #57
0.18%
- Shares
- 7.63M
- Change
- -175.43K
- Change %
- -2.25%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP
Rank #58
0.18%
- Shares
- 7.49M
- Change
- +207.31K
- Change %
- +2.85%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
SWEDBANK AB
Rank #59
0.18%
- Shares
- 7.44M
- Change
- +239.39K
- Change %
- +3.32%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
DEKABANK DEUTSCHE GIROZENTRALE
Rank #60
0.18%
- Shares
- 7.30M
- Change
- —
- Change %
- 0.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Unchanged
HEALTHCARE OF ONTARIO PENSION PLAN TRUST FUND
Rank #61
0.17%
- Shares
- 7.04M
- Change
- +3.09M
- Change %
- +78.06%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD
Rank #62
0.17%
- Shares
- 7.03M
- Change
- -194.19K
- Change %
- -2.69%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CALIFORNIA STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM
Rank #63
0.16%
- Shares
- 6.59M
- Change
- -155.11K
- Change %
- -2.30%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
ALLIANZ ASSET MANAGEMENT GMBH
Rank #64
0.16%
- Shares
- 6.56M
- Change
- -1.37M
- Change %
- -17.25%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
JANE STREET GROUP
Rank #65
0.16%
- Shares
- 6.54M
- Change
- +5.68M
- Change %
- +655.52%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
SWISS LIFE ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD
Rank #66
0.15%
- Shares
- 6.35M
- Change
- +398.86K
- Change %
- +6.70%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
HIGHTOWER ADVISORS
Rank #67
0.15%
- Shares
- 6.34M
- Change
- -341.42K
- Change %
- -5.11%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC
Rank #68
0.14%
- Shares
- 5.72M
- Change
- -400.39K
- Change %
- -6.54%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
SEI INVESTMENTS CO
Rank #69
0.14%
- Shares
- 5.72M
- Change
- +1.34M
- Change %
- +30.59%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
ROBECO INSTITUTIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT B.V.
Rank #70
0.13%
- Shares
- 5.53M
- Change
- -318.83K
- Change %
- -5.45%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CITIGROUP INC
Rank #71
0.13%
- Shares
- 5.39M
- Change
- -460.69K
- Change %
- -7.87%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP
Rank #72
0.13%
- Shares
- 5.34M
- Change
- -16.68K
- Change %
- -31.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
ABERDEEN GROUP PLC
Rank #73
0.12%
- Shares
- 5.07M
- Change
- +164.17K
- Change %
- +3.35%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP INC
Rank #74
0.12%
- Shares
- 4.94M
- Change
- +42.95K
- Change %
- +88.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
WOODLINE PARTNERS LP
Rank #75
0.12%
- Shares
- 4.84M
- Change
- -295.97K
- Change %
- -5.77%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
NEW YORK STATE COMMON RETIREMENT FUND
Rank #76
0.12%
- Shares
- 4.79M
- Change
- +4.60K
- Change %
- +10.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.
Rank #77
0.11%
- Shares
- 4.63M
- Change
- +102.61K
- Change %
- +2.27%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
EQUITY INVESTMENT CORP
Rank #78
0.11%
- Shares
- 4.59M
- Change
- -47.88K
- Change %
- -103.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
VICTORY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC
Rank #79
0.11%
- Shares
- 4.48M
- Change
- -710.05K
- Change %
- -13.69%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE CO
Rank #80
0.10%
- Shares
- 4.33M
- Change
- +48.58K
- Change %
- +113.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
BRANDYWINE GLOBAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
Rank #81
0.10%
- Shares
- 4.31M
- Change
- +168.60K
- Change %
- +4.07%
- Filing
- Dec 31, 2025
Increased
CAPITAL WORLD INVESTORS
Rank #82
0.10%
- Shares
- 4.25M
- Change
- -4.91M
- Change %
- -53.59%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
MIRAE ASSET GLOBAL INVESTMENTS CO.
Rank #83
0.10%
- Shares
- 3.98M
- Change
- -481.77K
- Change %
- -10.79%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
ADAGE CAPITAL PARTNERS GP
Rank #84
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.93M
- Change
- -108.00K
- Change %
- -2.68%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CHEVY CHASE TRUST HOLDINGS
Rank #85
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.86M
- Change
- +183.03K
- Change %
- +4.98%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
JANUS HENDERSON GROUP PLC
Rank #86
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.84M
- Change
- -327.23K
- Change %
- -7.84%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
CAPITAL WEALTH PLANNING
Rank #87
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.79M
- Change
- -225.15K
- Change %
- -5.61%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
STOREBRAND ASSET MANAGEMENT AS
Rank #88
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.78M
- Change
- +416.24K
- Change %
- +12.36%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORIDA RETIREMENT SYSTEM
Rank #89
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.69M
- Change
- -1.82K
- Change %
- -5.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Rank #90
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.68M
- Change
- -498.32K
- Change %
- -11.92%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
AVIVA PLC
Rank #91
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.68M
- Change
- +89.31K
- Change %
- +2.49%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
ASSETMARK
Rank #92
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.66M
- Change
- -19.64K
- Change %
- -53.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
RUSSELL INVESTMENTS GROUP
Rank #93
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.57M
- Change
- -229.04K
- Change %
- -6.02%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
COMMONWEALTH EQUITY SERVICES
Rank #94
0.09%
- Shares
- 3.54M
- Change
- -256.06K
- Change %
- -6.75%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
UNIVERSAL- BETEILIGUNGS- UND SERVICEGESELLSCHAFT MBH
Rank #95
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.48M
- Change
- +4.24K
- Change %
- +12.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
NEW YORK STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM
Rank #96
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.39M
- Change
- -71.78K
- Change %
- -2.07%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
BESSEMER GROUP INC
Rank #97
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.33M
- Change
- -99.79K
- Change %
- -2.91%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
DJE KAPITAL AG
Rank #98
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.33M
- Change
- +1.66M
- Change %
- +99.44%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
MAIRS & POWER INC
Rank #99
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.32M
- Change
- -58.24K
- Change %
- -1.73%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
MITSUBISHI UFJ TRUST & BANKING CORP
Rank #100
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.24M
- Change
- +705.63K
- Change %
- +27.86%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
PARNASSUS INVESTMENTS
Rank #101
0.08%
- Shares
- 3.18M
- Change
- +108.37K
- Change %
- +3.53%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
PFA PENSION
Rank #102
0.07%
- Shares
- 3.03M
- Change
- +131.03K
- Change %
- +4.51%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
CITADEL ADVISORS LLC
Rank #103
0.07%
- Shares
- 3.00M
- Change
- -345.71K
- Change %
- -10.33%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
ZURCHER KANTONALBANK
Rank #104
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.99M
- Change
- +103.78K
- Change %
- +3.60%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORP
Rank #105
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.97M
- Change
- +503.61K
- Change %
- +20.42%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
TD ASSET MANAGEMENT INC
Rank #106
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.96M
- Change
- +56.76K
- Change %
- +1.96%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
CETERA INVESTMENT ADVISERS
Rank #107
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.94M
- Change
- +59.00K
- Change %
- +2.05%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
APG ASSET MANAGEMENT N.V.
Rank #108
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.91M
- Change
- -87.78K
- Change %
- -2.93%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
ROCKEFELLER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT L.P.
Rank #109
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.91M
- Change
- +216.60K
- Change %
- +8.04%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
VIRGINIA RETIREMENT SYSTEM
Rank #110
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.89M
- Change
- +125.10K
- Change %
- +4.53%
- Filing
- Dec 31, 2025
Increased
NATIXIS ADVISORS
Rank #111
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.87M
- Change
- +805.21K
- Change %
- +38.93%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
KOREA INVESTMENT CORP
Rank #112
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.84M
- Change
- +1.07M
- Change %
- +60.34%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
WEALTH ENHANCEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
Rank #113
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.83M
- Change
- +693.04K
- Change %
- +32.40%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
MAWER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LTD.
Rank #114
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.73M
- Change
- -254.08K
- Change %
- -8.51%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
BANK JULIUS BAER & CO. LTD
Rank #115
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.71M
- Change
- -90.33K
- Change %
- -3.22%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
DANSKE BANK A
Rank #116
0.07%
- Shares
- 2.71M
- Change
- -402.50K
- Change %
- -12.92%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
OSAIC HOLDINGS
Rank #117
0.06%
- Shares
- 2.66M
- Change
- +20.62K
- Change %
- +78.00%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
PICTET ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDING SA
Rank #118
0.06%
- Shares
- 2.65M
- Change
- +226.53K
- Change %
- +9.36%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
Rank #119
0.06%
- Shares
- 2.62M
- Change
- -441.59K
- Change %
- -14.41%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Decreased
SG AMERICAS SECURITIES
Rank #120
0.06%
- Shares
- 2.58M
- Change
- +629.17K
- Change %
- +32.20%
- Filing
- Mar 31, 2026
Increased
| # | Institution | % held | Shares | Change | Change % | Filing date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.14% | 379.40M | +5.50M Increased | +147.00% | Dec 31, 2025 | |
| 2 | 8.87% | 368.03M | -1.03M Decreased | -28.00% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 3 | 6.27% | 260.18M | +260.18M Initiated | — | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 4 | 5.18% | 214.85M | -8.10M Decreased | -3.63% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 5 | 2.72% | 112.94M | -3.63M Decreased | -3.12% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 6 | 2.56% | 106.21M | +3.58M Increased | +3.48% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 7 | 1.85% | 76.84M | +76.84M Initiated | — | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 8 | 1.79% | 74.07M | +9.07M Increased | +13.96% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 9 | 1.50% | 62.10M | +8.29M Increased | +15.41% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 10 | 1.39% | 57.87M | +100 Unchanged | 0.00% | Dec 31, 2025 | |
| 11 | GQG PARTNERS LLC | 1.10% | 45.71M | +1.85M Increased | +4.21% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 12 | 1.07% | 44.33M | -43.15K Decreased | -10.00% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 13 | BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORP | 0.92% | 38.16M | +6.58M Increased | +20.84% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 14 | 0.87% | 36.10M | +469.57K Increased | +132.00% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 15 | 0.87% | 36.10M | +6.33M Increased | +21.25% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 16 | 0.79% | 32.92M | +2.26M Increased | +7.38% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 17 | 0.79% | 32.73M | +1.97M Increased | +6.41% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 18 | 0.75% | 31.17M | +2.08M Increased | +7.16% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 19 | RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL INC | 0.71% | 29.33M | +865.96K Increased | +3.04% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 20 | 0.68% | 28.11M | +110.26K Increased | +39.00% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 21 | AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC | 0.63% | 25.98M | +248.70K Increased | +97.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 22 | ROYAL BANK OF CANADA | 0.59% | 24.62M | -1.35M Decreased | -5.19% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 23 | 0.56% | 23.40M | +23.40M Initiated | — | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 24 | 0.54% | 22.25M | -1.22M Decreased | -5.22% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 25 | 0.51% | 21.04M | -1.25M Decreased | -5.61% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 26 | 0.49% | 20.22M | -2.62M Decreased | -11.46% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 27 | DEUTSCHE BANK AG\ | 0.47% | 19.58M | +1.15M Increased | +6.26% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 28 | ARISTOTLE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT | 0.46% | 18.99M | -639.94K Decreased | -3.26% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 29 | 0.40% | 16.69M | +3.34M Increased | +24.97% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 30 | NUVEEN | 0.38% | 15.97M | -732.11K Decreased | -4.38% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 31 | WELLS FARGO & COMPANY | 0.37% | 15.26M | +524.88K Increased | +3.56% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 32 | FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP | 0.35% | 14.71M | -964.33K Decreased | -6.15% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 33 | CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM | 0.35% | 14.42M | -2.72M Decreased | -15.87% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 34 | FEDERATED HERMES | 0.33% | 13.60M | +2.42M Increased | +21.67% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 35 | ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INC | 0.31% | 12.90M | +1.55M Increased | +13.69% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 36 | SWISS NATIONAL BANK | 0.30% | 12.37M | +820.10K Increased | +7.10% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 37 | LSV ASSET MANAGEMENT | 0.29% | 12.13M | +69.11K Increased | +57.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 38 | 0.28% | 11.66M | -248.62K Decreased | -2.09% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 39 | SUMITOMO MITSUI TRUST GROUP | 0.28% | 11.46M | -478.21K Decreased | -4.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 40 | HSBC HOLDINGS PLC | 0.27% | 11.29M | -1.94M Decreased | -14.67% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 41 | AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC | 0.27% | 11.05M | -2.01M Decreased | -15.36% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 42 | BANK OF MONTREAL | 0.26% | 10.90M | +1.52M Increased | +16.26% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 43 | NORDEA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AB | 0.26% | 10.65M | +3.47M Increased | +48.42% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 44 | NATIONAL PENSION SERVICE | 0.26% | 10.59M | +259.71K Increased | +2.52% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 45 | LPL FINANCIAL LLC | 0.25% | 10.21M | +271.11K Increased | +2.73% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 46 | BARCLAYS PLC | 0.24% | 10.04M | -1.01M Decreased | -9.13% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 47 | STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO | 0.23% | 9.71M | — Unchanged | 0.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 48 | MITSUBISHI UFJ ASSET MANAGEMENT CO. | 0.23% | 9.68M | +683.90K Increased | +7.60% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 49 | 0.23% | 9.42M | +9.42M Initiated | — | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 50 | PACER ADVISORS | 0.21% | 8.87M | -1.42M Decreased | -13.82% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 51 | AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC | 0.21% | 8.65M | -1.08M Decreased | -11.08% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 52 | VAN ECK ASSOCIATES CORP | 0.21% | 8.60M | +2.30M Increased | +36.40% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 53 | 0.20% | 8.50M | +8.50M Initiated | — | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 54 | 0.20% | 8.15M | +1.64M Increased | +25.13% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 55 | SCHRODER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT GROUP | 0.20% | 8.13M | +276.10K Increased | +3.52% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 56 | BNP PARIBAS FINANCIAL MARKETS | 0.18% | 7.67M | -1.66M Decreased | -17.83% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 57 | RHUMBLINE ADVISERS | 0.18% | 7.63M | -175.43K Decreased | -2.25% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 58 | STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP | 0.18% | 7.49M | +207.31K Increased | +2.85% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 59 | SWEDBANK AB | 0.18% | 7.44M | +239.39K Increased | +3.32% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 60 | DEKABANK DEUTSCHE GIROZENTRALE | 0.18% | 7.30M | — Unchanged | 0.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 61 | HEALTHCARE OF ONTARIO PENSION PLAN TRUST FUND | 0.17% | 7.04M | +3.09M Increased | +78.06% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 62 | CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD | 0.17% | 7.03M | -194.19K Decreased | -2.69% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 63 | CALIFORNIA STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM | 0.16% | 6.59M | -155.11K Decreased | -2.30% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 64 | ALLIANZ ASSET MANAGEMENT GMBH | 0.16% | 6.56M | -1.37M Decreased | -17.25% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 65 | JANE STREET GROUP | 0.16% | 6.54M | +5.68M Increased | +655.52% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 66 | SWISS LIFE ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD | 0.15% | 6.35M | +398.86K Increased | +6.70% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 67 | HIGHTOWER ADVISORS | 0.15% | 6.34M | -341.42K Decreased | -5.11% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 68 | PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC | 0.14% | 5.72M | -400.39K Decreased | -6.54% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 69 | SEI INVESTMENTS CO | 0.14% | 5.72M | +1.34M Increased | +30.59% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 70 | ROBECO INSTITUTIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT B.V. | 0.13% | 5.53M | -318.83K Decreased | -5.45% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 71 | CITIGROUP INC | 0.13% | 5.39M | -460.69K Decreased | -7.87% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 72 | PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP | 0.13% | 5.34M | -16.68K Decreased | -31.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 73 | ABERDEEN GROUP PLC | 0.12% | 5.07M | +164.17K Increased | +3.35% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 74 | PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP INC | 0.12% | 4.94M | +42.95K Increased | +88.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 75 | WOODLINE PARTNERS LP | 0.12% | 4.84M | -295.97K Decreased | -5.77% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 76 | NEW YORK STATE COMMON RETIREMENT FUND | 0.12% | 4.79M | +4.60K Increased | +10.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 77 | 0.11% | 4.63M | +102.61K Increased | +2.27% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 78 | EQUITY INVESTMENT CORP | 0.11% | 4.59M | -47.88K Decreased | -103.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 79 | VICTORY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC | 0.11% | 4.48M | -710.05K Decreased | -13.69% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 80 | CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE CO | 0.10% | 4.33M | +48.58K Increased | +113.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 81 | BRANDYWINE GLOBAL INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT | 0.10% | 4.31M | +168.60K Increased | +4.07% | Dec 31, 2025 |
| 82 | 0.10% | 4.25M | -4.91M Decreased | -53.59% | Mar 31, 2026 | |
| 83 | MIRAE ASSET GLOBAL INVESTMENTS CO. | 0.10% | 3.98M | -481.77K Decreased | -10.79% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 84 | ADAGE CAPITAL PARTNERS GP | 0.09% | 3.93M | -108.00K Decreased | -2.68% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 85 | CHEVY CHASE TRUST HOLDINGS | 0.09% | 3.86M | +183.03K Increased | +4.98% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 86 | JANUS HENDERSON GROUP PLC | 0.09% | 3.84M | -327.23K Decreased | -7.84% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 87 | CAPITAL WEALTH PLANNING | 0.09% | 3.79M | -225.15K Decreased | -5.61% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 88 | STOREBRAND ASSET MANAGEMENT AS | 0.09% | 3.78M | +416.24K Increased | +12.36% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 89 | STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORIDA RETIREMENT SYSTEM | 0.09% | 3.69M | -1.82K Decreased | -5.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 90 | MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | 0.09% | 3.68M | -498.32K Decreased | -11.92% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 91 | AVIVA PLC | 0.09% | 3.68M | +89.31K Increased | +2.49% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 92 | ASSETMARK | 0.09% | 3.66M | -19.64K Decreased | -53.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 93 | RUSSELL INVESTMENTS GROUP | 0.09% | 3.57M | -229.04K Decreased | -6.02% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 94 | COMMONWEALTH EQUITY SERVICES | 0.09% | 3.54M | -256.06K Decreased | -6.75% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 95 | UNIVERSAL- BETEILIGUNGS- UND SERVICEGESELLSCHAFT MBH | 0.08% | 3.48M | +4.24K Increased | +12.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 96 | NEW YORK STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM | 0.08% | 3.39M | -71.78K Decreased | -2.07% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 97 | BESSEMER GROUP INC | 0.08% | 3.33M | -99.79K Decreased | -2.91% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 98 | DJE KAPITAL AG | 0.08% | 3.33M | +1.66M Increased | +99.44% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 99 | MAIRS & POWER INC | 0.08% | 3.32M | -58.24K Decreased | -1.73% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 100 | MITSUBISHI UFJ TRUST & BANKING CORP | 0.08% | 3.24M | +705.63K Increased | +27.86% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 101 | PARNASSUS INVESTMENTS | 0.08% | 3.18M | +108.37K Increased | +3.53% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 102 | PFA PENSION | 0.07% | 3.03M | +131.03K Increased | +4.51% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 103 | CITADEL ADVISORS LLC | 0.07% | 3.00M | -345.71K Decreased | -10.33% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 104 | ZURCHER KANTONALBANK | 0.07% | 2.99M | +103.78K Increased | +3.60% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 105 | MACKENZIE FINANCIAL CORP | 0.07% | 2.97M | +503.61K Increased | +20.42% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 106 | TD ASSET MANAGEMENT INC | 0.07% | 2.96M | +56.76K Increased | +1.96% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 107 | CETERA INVESTMENT ADVISERS | 0.07% | 2.94M | +59.00K Increased | +2.05% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 108 | APG ASSET MANAGEMENT N.V. | 0.07% | 2.91M | -87.78K Decreased | -2.93% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 109 | ROCKEFELLER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT L.P. | 0.07% | 2.91M | +216.60K Increased | +8.04% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 110 | VIRGINIA RETIREMENT SYSTEM | 0.07% | 2.89M | +125.10K Increased | +4.53% | Dec 31, 2025 |
| 111 | NATIXIS ADVISORS | 0.07% | 2.87M | +805.21K Increased | +38.93% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 112 | KOREA INVESTMENT CORP | 0.07% | 2.84M | +1.07M Increased | +60.34% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 113 | WEALTH ENHANCEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES | 0.07% | 2.83M | +693.04K Increased | +32.40% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 114 | MAWER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LTD. | 0.07% | 2.73M | -254.08K Decreased | -8.51% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 115 | BANK JULIUS BAER & CO. LTD | 0.07% | 2.71M | -90.33K Decreased | -3.22% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 116 | DANSKE BANK A | 0.07% | 2.71M | -402.50K Decreased | -12.92% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 117 | OSAIC HOLDINGS | 0.06% | 2.66M | +20.62K Increased | +78.00% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 118 | PICTET ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDING SA | 0.06% | 2.65M | +226.53K Increased | +9.36% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 119 | BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA | 0.06% | 2.62M | -441.59K Decreased | -14.41% | Mar 31, 2026 |
| 120 | SG AMERICAS SECURITIES | 0.06% | 2.58M | +629.17K Increased | +32.20% | Mar 31, 2026 |
Showing 120 of 120 matching institutional rows.
Recent insider transactions
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) Form 4 filings
Action codes are translated so open-market buys and sales are separate from awards, gifts, conversions, and tax withholding.
Villanueva Rodriguez Alfonso
- Shares
- 6.41K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $82,099
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Russo Joseph J.
- Shares
- 83.13K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $1,064,934
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Venkatesh Vandana
- Shares
- 56.50K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $723,816
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Hammock Samantha
- Shares
- 36.14K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $462,953
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Malady Kyle
- Shares
- 417.28K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $5,345,331
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Stillwell Mary-Lee
- Shares
- 16.59K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $212,479
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Skiadas Anthony T
- Shares
- 144.05K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $1,845,319
Filed Jun 4, 2026
SCHULMAN DANIEL H
- Shares
- 7.88K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $12.81
- Value
- $100,904
Filed Jun 4, 2026
Hammock Samantha
- Shares
- 16.22K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $47.83
- Value
- $775,883
Filed May 29, 2026
Villanueva Rodriguez Alfonso
- Shares
- 6.33K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $13.77
- Value
- $87,123
Filed May 21, 2026
Russo Joseph J.
- Shares
- 83.05K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $13.77
- Value
- $1,143,557
Filed May 21, 2026
Venkatesh Vandana
- Shares
- 56.40K
- % company
- <0.01%
- Price
- $13.77
- Value
- $776,683
Filed May 21, 2026
| # | Insider | % company | Action | Shares | Price | Value | Filing date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Villanueva Rodriguez Alfonso | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 6.41K | $12.81 | $82,099 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 2 | Russo Joseph J. | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 83.13K | $12.81 | $1,064,934 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 3 | Venkatesh Vandana | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 56.50K | $12.81 | $723,816 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 4 | Hammock Samantha | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 36.14K | $12.81 | $462,953 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 5 | Malady Kyle | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 417.28K | $12.81 | $5,345,331 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 6 | Stillwell Mary-Lee | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 16.59K | $12.81 | $212,479 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 7 | Skiadas Anthony T | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 144.05K | $12.81 | $1,845,319 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 8 | SCHULMAN DANIEL H | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 7.88K | $12.81 | $100,904 | Jun 4, 2026 |
| 9 | Hammock Samantha | <0.01% | SaleOpen-market or direct sale reported on Form 4. | 16.22K | $47.83 | $775,883 | May 29, 2026 |
| 10 | Villanueva Rodriguez Alfonso | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 6.33K | $13.77 | $87,123 | May 21, 2026 |
| 11 | Russo Joseph J. | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 83.05K | $13.77 | $1,143,557 | May 21, 2026 |
| 12 | Venkatesh Vandana | <0.01% | Award / grantAward, grant, or acquisition under an equity compensation plan. | 56.40K | $13.77 | $776,683 | May 21, 2026 |
Showing 12 of 120 matching Form 4 rows. Percent of company uses current shares outstanding when available.Load more insiders
Frequently asked
Common questions.
Who are the largest VZ shareholders?
VANGUARD GROUP INC is the largest institutional holder of VZ, with 379.40 million shares, or about 9.14% of shares outstanding. Additional institutions are ranked by reported share count.
What is institutional ownership of VZ?
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) has 120 institutional holders on file — 66 that increased or initiated positions and 51 that reduced them, as of the latest filing on Mar 31, 2026.
Where can I see Verizon Communications Inc insider transactions?
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) has 120 Form 4 insider transactions on file, most recently on Jun 4, 2026, separated into purchases, sales, option exercises, awards, gifts, and tax withholding so administrative transactions are distinguished from open-market trades.
Are VZ insiders buying or selling?
Recent VZ insider activity reads Net selling: 2 sales and 0 purchases. Awards, gifts, conversions, and tax withholding are listed separately because they do not carry the same signal as open-market trades.
Who is the most active VZ insider?
Malady Kyle is the most active VZ insider by absolute share movement, with 3.70 million shares moving across the filing history. Review the action labels before treating that activity as buying or selling.